Lakhtin Yu.V.

ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ALVEOLAR RIDGE ON RATS’ JAWS DURING EXCESSIVE INFLOW OF HEAVY METALS

SUBSECTION 13. Theoretical Medicine.

Lakhtin Yu.V.

PhD of Medicine, associate professor,

Kharkiv Post-graduate Medical Academy, Ukraine

ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS IN ALVEOLAR RIDGE ON RATS’ JAWS DURING EXCESSIVE INFLOW OF HEAVY METALS

Among various bioelements heavy metals, which are routed to organism under anthropogenic pollution, are under particular interest. There are many projects dealing with finding of mechanism of negative influence and relevant biological effects on living organisms [7, p. 146; 1; 2]. But generally, these projects deal with monomicroelementosis. That is why, the study of accumulation of chemical elements combination in tissue, particularly in bone tissue, under their excessive inflow to organism, is actual.

To study the peculiarities of metals (Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cr) accumulation in alveolar ridge of rats under heavy metals excessive inflow, the quantity of these chemical elements in bone tissue was investigated. For the purpose of set task, the experiment in two groups of white rats was carried on. Group I - control animals – got standard forage of vivarium and had free access to water. Group II received drinking water containing salt of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cr.

After rats’ euthanasia under ether anaesthesia, metal content in alveolar ridge was investigated by the methods of atomic absorption spectrophotometry, in compliance of “General Ethical Canons of Experiments on Animals” proved by I National Congress on Bioethics, September 20, 2001 (Kyiv) .

Obtained results showed that allocation of heavy metals in bone tissue of rats’ jaws under excessive inflow of metals mixture to organism has its peculiarities. Thus, according to our research (Table), Cu content in alveolar ridge of rats from II Group decreases 5 times (p=0,0003) relatively to control Group. The same situation was with Cr and Mn. Cr content under excessive inflow of heavy metals decreased 1.8 times (р=0,04), and Mn 2 times (р=0,04) relatively to control Group of rats. Instead, other metals from the mixture accumulated in bone tissue. It was determined that Zn content increased 1,7 times (p=0,02), Fe 2,2 times (p=0,006) and Pb 31 times (р=0,0002).

Table

Heavy metals accumulation in alveolar ridge of rats, ppm (М±m)

Metals	Experimental groups
Metals	І	ІІ
Cu	10,05±1,80	2,03±0,52*
Zn	194,19±22,55	336,02±56,37*
Cr	251,17±38,44	136,36±14,35*
Mn	18,10±3,53	9,25±1,40*
Pb	0,13±0,04	4,02±0,68*
Fe	136,37±28,16	300,98±43,27*

Note. Statistically significant difference * - between ІІ and І groups, ** - ІІІ and ІІ, *** - ІІІ and І.

As you can see by represented data, heavy metal mixture resulted in metabolic imbalance in jaw alveolar ridge. But for normal functioning of organism it is necessary to reach balanced metabolism, because its imbalance causes different diseases, syndromes and pathological conditions [7, p. 47]. It is considered, that not only the level of content – deficient or excessive inflow of definite elements - is important, but their proportion is of great importance, too [5].

Influencing an organism, heavy metal compounds lead to decrease of bone mineral concentration. Calcium ions in hydroxylapatite crystal lattice displaced with heavy metals with the same chemical valence. Furthermore, functional capability of hydroxylapatite is broken, that leads to further changing in structure of bones, cartilages, suppression of growth, decline of mineral composition, progression of osteoporosis, process of bones generation slows down and process of resorption increases in compact and trabecular bones [6].

Experimental study carried by us earlier confirmed that combination of said salts of heavy metals resulted in destruction of alveolar ridge [3]. These destructive processes in alveolar bone take place against expressed process of lipid peroxidation initiated by these metals [4].

Thus, excessive inflow of mixture of salts Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cr causes heavy metal metabolism imbalance in alveolar ridge. Upon that content of Cu, Mn, Cr decreases and content of Fe, Zn, Pb increases.

Literature

1. Clinical and pathological findings of acute zinc intoxication in a puppy / G. Gandini, G. Bettini, M. Pietra, [et al.] / / J. Small Апіm. Pract. - 2002. - Vоl. 43. - № 12. - Р. 539-542.

2. Kumar N. Copper deficiency myelopathy (human swayback) / N. Kumar // Mayo Clinic Proceedings. – 2006. – Vol. 81(10). – P. 1371-1384.

3. Куцевляк В. Ф. Макроскопічні і морфометричні зміни в зубоальвеолярних блоках нижньої щелепи щурів при дії комбінації солей важких металів / В. Ф. Куцевляк, Ю. В. Лахтін // Український морфологічний альманах. - 2010. - Т. 8, № 3. - С. 69-71.

4. Лахтін Ю. В. Прооксидантний стан в яснах щурів на тлі дії хімічних факторів малої інтенсивності / Ю. В. Лахтін, А. М. Романюк, Є. В. Кузенко // Український медичний альманах. - 2011. - Т. 14, № 3. - С. 94-96.

5. Мікроелементний склад довгих та мішаних кісток скелета в нормі / Є. В. Гусак, М. В. Погорєлов, Г. Ф. Ткач [та ін.] // Український морфологічний альманах. – 2010. – Т. 8, № 4. – С. 51 - 55.

6. Романюк К. А. Гистоморфометрическая характеристика костной и хрящевой тканей зрелых животных в условиях влияния техногенных микроэлементозов // Український морфологічний альманах. - 2007. - Т. 5, № 2. - С. 70-71.

7. Хімічні елементи і речовини в організмі людини - у нормі та в патології : Укр.- рос. довід. / [Ф. О. Чмиленко, Т. С. Чмиленко, Ю. С. Сапа та ін.] ; за ред. Ф. О. Чмиленко. – Д. : Вид-во ДНУ, 2006. – 216 с.